In Florida there are two generations a year, one in spring and the other in fall. Figure 8. It has numerous common names, including southern flannel moth for its adult form, and puss caterpillar, asp, Italian asp, Fire caterpillar, woolly slug, opossum bug, [3] puss moth, tree asp, or asp caterpillar . In Florida, there are two generations of puss caterpillars a year, one in spring and the other in fall. The azalea caterpillar is a black caterpillar with bright green bands around its plump, smooth body. The saddleback caterpillar is easy to identify due to its unusual green and brown saddle marking, two spiny horns at either end, and two yellow eye-like markings on its head. Mayfield Publishing Company. Most types of moths are only poisonous if they're consumed.. Male whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma). Figure 23. Hossler EW. pupa with spatulate setae. A buck moth caterpillar is easy to identify by its black color, masses of white tiny spots, and jaggy appearance. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 34(1): 67-79. Southern Flannel Caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis). Pictures of polyphemus moth caterpillars show they have spines emerging from the tiny red tubercles. Caterpillars hatch from eggs and develop into worm-like crawling insects with four sets of prolegs, six forelegs, and a segmented body. Leucostigma females cover their eggs with a frothy secretion but do not cover the secretion with setae (Ferguson 1978). The American dagger moth caterpillar is covered in yellow feathery spines with two pairs of long black spines on its back and a single black tuft of pencil-like hairs at its rear. There is a humane way to get rid of cane toads. Despite its fearsome look, this green caterpillar is entirely harmless. Cape Lappet Moth Caterpillar. University of Florida. For example, the long, plump caterpillar is light green when feeding on green foliage. Fir tussock moth (light and dark forms), Orgyia detrita, and whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma, caterpillars. The monarch caterpillar is a type of striped, horned Florida caterpillar that has black, white, and yellow colors. (Z,Z)-6,9-heneicosadien-11-one, labile sex pheromone of the whitemarked tussock moth. Body main color | Body main pattern | Distinct features | Hair density: Check boxes for all that apply. Dropping from host plants in response to predators by a polyphagous caterpillar. Figure 5. These larvae are about 2 inches long. Another unusual feature to identify the tiger swallowtail caterpillar is its defensive organ (osmeterium) on its head. Contact with the cocoons produces the same symptoms. Beneath those soft hairs are stiff spines attached to poison glands. Fir tussock moth caterpillar (Orgyia detrita) parasitized by wasps. 1. In 2017, a Florida woman's 5-year-old son accidentally stepped on one as he played outside. Petersen Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America. Gulf fritillary caterpillars mature at 0.5 (1.2 cm) in length. The dark-colored caterpillar has fine hairs covering its body, giving it a velvety appearance. Youll find tobacco hornworms feeding on tomato plants and other nightshade crops. Giant leopard caterpillars grow up to 2 (5 cm) long. ENY-276. Gainesville, Florida. It is the most poisonous one in Florida. Polka-Dot Wasp Moth Caterpillar. 611 pp. To identify poisonous Florida caterpillars, look for a fuzzy body with stinging spines. Description A large caterpillar, 1-3/4 to 2-1/4 long when mature. Figure 16. Additionally, you often find it feeding on hickory leaves in Florida. Like many hornworm caterpillars, it has an oversized head. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Figure 18. Recently molted male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) pupa (ventral view). The luna moth caterpillar is a light green crawling insect with a plump body, red dots, and tufts of small spines. Larvae: Larvae are 1-1.5 inches in length. The caterpillar grows 0.5 (1.2 cm) long. Figure 9. It is uncommon in the northern parts of its range. Its instantly recognizable feature is the large eye markings on its head. The zebra longwing gets its poison from the pollen it . Giant Leopard Caterpillar (Hypercompe scribonia). The brown and white caterpillar grows up to 1.6 (4 cm) long. Close-up pictures of the zebra longwing show the pointed black spikes are covered in fine spines. Spicebush Swallowtail Caterpillar (Papilio Troilus). Moths and butterflies are potentially dangerous to people in one context: eating them. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Houghton Mifflin Publishing Company. 1960. Cabbage looper caterpillars have a voracious appetite and can devour three times their body weight in a day. Puss caterpillars are 2.5 cm long and covered with gray to brown hairs that conceal its head and mouthparts. Zebra Longwing Caterpillar (Heliconius charithonia). Caterpillars of the mottled cup moth, commonly found in eastern Australia, have a complex venom made up of 151 separate toxins, according to new research published in the journal PNAS. However, they may occasionally be sufficiently numerous to completely defoliate large trees. Figure 28. Classey, Ltd. London. Pipevine Swallowtail Caterpillar (Battus philenor). Figure 26. The pine sawfly caterpillar is identified by its pale green body and black markings in rows along its sides and back. Adult moths tend to leave behind feces, eggs, and cocoons that remain after the caterpillar hatches. Depending on the species, caterpillars can have striped, dotted, or mottled patterns. The identifiable features of the cecropia caterpillar are its large, ridge-like segments, blue and orange tubercles with black spikes, and a lime green body. Adults emerge from mid-April to early May. Figure 27. Saddleback caterpillars get their name from their saddle-like markinga square green patch with a large brown circle in the middle. Compared to other caterpillars, white admiral larvae have thick, spiny horns at their head. As the long-tailed skipper caterpillar matures, its body becomes pale green, and it develops pinkish patterns. Used with permission. Identification of the white admiral caterpillar is by its brownish-olive body with white, uneven blotches on its back and along its sides. Some bites cause localized reactions that turn into major wounds. Meghan Overdeep has more than a decade of writing and editing experience for top publications. These caterpillars feed on a variety of woody plants including oaks, dogwood, and apple. Orgyia leucostigma: Polyphagous. It'll also put you in a world of pain. Finally, when its ready to pupate, the larvae can either be dark brown or dark green. Hairs in the cocoons retain their urticating capability for up to a year or longer. Males are difficult to distinguish, but fresh specimens of Orgyia leucostigma and Orgyia definita have a purplish tint that is lacking in Orgyia detrita. TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) It might look soft and hairy, but experts warn to look, not touch. Spines cause sudden stinging redness and swelling in the affected area. Parasitoids of Orgyia detrita and Orgyia definita have not been well-studied, but those of Orgyia leucostigma are well documented. Orgyia detrita has bright orange spots along the back and sides while the spots on leucostigma are yellow (Foltz 2004). Tussock moth caterpillar Two long black tufts of pencil-like hairs protrude from the front. Fox News reports that the larvae of the Southern flannel moth, also commonly known as "asps," have been spotted in Florida, and experts are urging residents to stay far away from the furry white insects which like to hang out on oak and citrus trees. 1968. Health and safety-wise, moths pose no harm or threat to humans - they are neither poisonous nor dangerous. . A characteristic feature of the cloudless sulphur caterpillar is that its color changes depending on its food. The eye markings are black dots with a white center and light green ring around it. Fabric with image of Orgyia detrita male. Every day, Florida poison centers receive calls about bites and stings from insects and spiders. The green and black stripes and orange markings make the voracious larvae easy to spot on azaleas, rhododendrons, and apple trees. Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies. Welts resulting from contact with Orgyia hairs usually appear within minutes and subside by the next day, but itching and erythema commonly continue for another day or two. Large ground beetles (Henn et al. 1979. Host plants include oak and willow species. Some types of caterpillars are easy to identify because of where they feed. Fox News reports that the larvae of the Southern flannel moth, also commonly known as "asps," have been spotted in Florida, and experts are urging residents to stay far away from the furry white insects which like to hang out on oak and citrus trees. Dermatologic manifestations of encounters with Lepidoptera. Because adult females are flightless, ballooning by young larvae is the major mode of dispersal. The forester moth caterpillar is a bright yellow or yellowish-green caterpillar with two rows of black dots on its back. The University of Florida says that some caterpillar species have stinging hairs called urticating hairs. Stinging and Venomous Caterpillars of the Southeast, Florida Master Gardener Volunteer Program, UF/IFAS Extension: Solutions for Your Life, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), College of Agricultural and Life Sciences (CALS). This species is relatively common throughout South Africa and feeds on a wide variety of African plants. Florida Journal of Environmental Health 195: 14-17. Venomous puss caterpillars have poison control on alert. Puss Caterpillar/Southern Flannel Moth Megalopyge opercularis. Caterpillar identification is by their size, type of bodyhairy or smooth, patterns on their body, and the presence of horns. Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of North America north of Mexico. These insidious creatures spend the winter in cocoons and emerge twice a yearin the spring and fall. If you suspect your cat has been bitten by a poisonous spider, get to the veterinarian right away. Polyphemus moth caterpillars have a bright green, plump body with bright red dots in bumps around each segment. When touched, these poisonous spines break off in the skin and cause severe pain. Note purple tint on wings and white tornal spot. In addition, several varieties of stinging caterpillars in the Sunshine State can give you a nasty sting if you handle them. You can often spot forester moth caterpillars feeding on herbaceous plants in Florida. At present, females can be identified to species only by association with their respective larvae (or in the case of Florida Orgyia detrita by association with their egg masses). What You Need to Know About the Southern Flannel Moththe Country's Most Poisonous Caterpillar, Dream Team: Dolly Parton and Willie Nelson Spotted Cruising Through Dollywood in a Golf Cart, Check Out the New Rollercoaster Headed to Dollywood in Spring 2023, Jennifer Garner Brings Aid to Eastern Kentucky During Tour Of Flood-Ravaged Communities, County Fair Queen Linda Skeens Revealed! Prickly poisonous caterpillars turn up in new places 01:55. . This is a defensive characteristic of some caterpillars to scare off predators. The queen butterfly caterpillar is a black and white striped caterpillar with yellow dots on its back and sides. Palo Alto, California. Names from Arnaud (1978) have been updated by OHara and Wood (2004) and OHara (2012). Figure 31. The literature frequently describes the females as being wingless. Yellow Florida Forester Moth Caterpillar (Zygaenidae). On top of their irritating hairs, many stinging caterpillars also release a toxin on contact with the spines, which can add to the pain and may even be a health concern for some people. Her expertise extends from weddings and animals to every pop culture moment in between. (1960) studied the histopathology of a sensitive person and reported perivascular concentrations of eosinophils and leucocytes beneath the irritated areas. 1. White Admiral Caterpillar (Limenitis arthemis). . Lyle Buss, senior biological scientist at the University of Florida, explained to Tampa Bay Times that most stings are harmless, only producing a rash. These hairs can be as long as 1 inch. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. Completed cocoon of fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita). Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) caterpillar (dorsal view). The southern flannel caterpillar also has the common name puss caterpillar because it looks like a Persian cat. Caterpillars and Moths. Stinging rose larvae measure about 1 (2.5 cm) long. 2005. Its easy to identify a hickory horned devil caterpillar due to its characteristic arched red and black horns, black spiny spikes, and bluish-green appearance. The beautiful caterpillar has colorful bands wrapping around each segment. Also called the bean leafroller, an identifying feature of the green caterpillar is its black or burgundy globular head and orange patterns at its tail. It is common in Florida during the fall and spring on oak and elm trees and was recently sighted in Clermont, Florida, according to FOX 35 News. That reaction can include an itchy rash, vomiting, swollen glands and fever, according to the University of Michigan. The easiest way to identify bagworms on trees in Florida is by the protective cocoon bags they live in. (Photo: Sturgis McKeever; Georgia Southern University; Bugwood.org). Feeding by the caterpillars usually has little impact . WATCH: Grumpy's Field Guide To Dangerous Spiders. Young caterpillars feed exclusively on new growth but mature larvae feed on older foliage as well. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 12(1): 140. Gainesville, Florida. Under the fuzzy yellow hairs is a shiny black oval head. The medical importance of Orgyia species caterpillars is well-documented in the scientific (Diaz 2005, Gilmer 1925, Goldman et al. Figure 4. Insects are very popular in human culture. One of the unusual caterpillars youll find in Florida is the cecropia moth caterpillar. Pruritic (itching) dermatitis due to tussock moth caterpillars has been reported to be a problem at child day-care centers and elementary schools in Florida (Atrubin et al. Residents in Central Florida are warning others that the "Puss Caterpillars," often described as being. Another defensive mechanism is its defensive organ osmeteriuma forked tongue-like structure that appears behind its head when threatened. Long-Tailed Skipper Caterpillar (Urbanus proteus). These caterpillars do not possess stingers, but have spines (nettling hairs) that are connected to poison glands. A banded woolly bear caterpillar is easy to identify due to the two black bands at its head and tail ends and a brown band around its middle. These large caterpillars can reach 6.5 cm. The white-marked tussock caterpillar is one of the most unusually hairy caterpillars youll find in Florida. It can be challenging to identify some Florida caterpillar species. Zebra Longwing. Figure 20. Next apply ice packs to reduce the stinging sensation and slather on a paste of baking soda and water. OHara JE, Wood DM. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 62(1): 13-28. After emerging from the pupa, the once spiky black caterpillar becomes a stunning black and red butterfly. Poisonous spider bites can cause major illness or even death. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72(3): 347-357. Figure 15. Stings from this caterpillar are milder than the stings of other stinging caterpillars. Fascicle 22.2 Noctuoidea: Lymantriidae. Once in your skin these hairs cause sudden or gradually building pain depending on the specific caterpillar. Eight-Spotted Forester Caterpillar (Alypia octomaculata). The Io moth, like many of the other saturniid moths, is less common now in parts of its range. In addition, look for the four horns at the head and a tail at its rear. . 2009) and Polistes paper wasps (Castellanos et al. It's always a good idea to take a physical sample or photos of the plant to . Castellanos I, Barbosa P, Caldas A. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. For example, many caterpillars only feed on specific types of shrubs, plants, or trees. According to National Geographic, its venom is 15 times more potent than that of a rattlesnakethough, contrary to common myths, few people ever perish at the hands of the small spider. However, it becomes yellow when munching on yellow leaves. The banded woolly bear caterpillar is a black and brown hairy caterpillar that is common in Florida. The American dagger caterpillar is a hairy pale yellow caterpillar with long black pencil hairs. While most butterflies and moths are likely non-toxic to hungry humans, a few species -- like the familiar monarch butterfly (Family Nymphalidae) -- feed on poisonous or unpalatable plants as larvae. Princeton University Press. 2007). Orgyia leucostigma was formerly placed in the genus Hemerocampa. Saddleback Caterpillar, University of Florida; Hickory Tussock Moth Caterpillar, Penn State Extension; Io Moth, University of Florida . Queen Butterfly Caterpillar (Danaus gilippus). White Flannel Moth Caterpillar (Norape ovina) The mature white flannel moth caterpillar can reach 1-1/4 inch in length. 8. Bagworms are identified by the bag-like structures measuring 0.4 to 6 (1 to 15 cm) long and made from tree foliage. Red Admiral Caterpillar (Vanessa atalanta). Bagworms are unusual types of shiny black or dark brown caterpillars that are difficult to spot. The stinging spines are hollow, easily break off, and can embed deeply into skin. Ballooning is also important given their propensity for spinning cocoons off their host plants (i.e., on buildings, fences, and other man-made objects). Also, caterpillars in Florida can be green, yellow, black, or multi-colored. The cloudless sulphur caterpillar is a light green caterpillar with black raised dots producing small spines. Figure 21. Home owners develop dermatitis from contact with the cocoons while removing them from the soffits of houses. Its common name, "the Asp," is a reflection of the painful intensity of the stingthis is a caterpillar with the painful "bite" of a hornet. There are also blue circular patterns on its segments. A stinging rose caterpillar has a yellow or red body with characteristic spiked horns on its back and a band of purple stripes. Identify a tobacco hornworm by its fat green body with whitish diagonal stripes and tiny eye-like markings on its sides. The eight-spotted forester larva is an orange caterpillar with bands of white and black stripes around its body. Orgyia detrita: Although the common name is fir tussock moth, the only documented hosts are oaks and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) (Ferguson 1978). You can find red admiral caterpillars feeding on stinging nettle leaves. To identify the forester moth caterpillar, look for a bright yellow caterpillar with black markings along its back and sides. The caterpillar of the Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata) feeds on firs, spruce, Douglas-firs, and other evergreens of the western United States and are a major cause of their defoliation. As the plump caterpillars devour plant leaves, they go through various stages called instars. Other traits of the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar are two rows of bright orange dots along its back. The stinging spiny oak slug caterpillar has two orange bands along its back and circular green and white patterns. Princeton, New Jersey. Preliminary studies of the nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses infecting the white-marked tussock moth, Tussock moth caterpillars in north central Florida, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, A classification of the Lepidoptera based on characters of the pupae, Update of Tachinid Names in Arnaud (1978), entry at North American Moth Photographers Group. Apr 12, 2012 at 7:33 am. These caterpillars feed on a large variety of plants but are most commonly found on citrus, oaks, and elms. Female fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) rubbing setae from her abdomen onto her egg mass. The caterpillar grows up to 2 (5 cm) long. The milkweed tiger caterpillar is covered in tufts of colorful black, orange, yellow, and white hairs. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The caterpillar with the most painful sting, at least in North America, is a species known to science as Megalopyge opercularis. cocoons among foliage of ballmoss (Tillandsia recurvata). The saddleback caterpillar is a slug-like caterpillar with large spiked poisonous horns that can give a nasty sting. Predation of small and large. Figure 7. 632-633) listed the following tachinid parasitoids of Orgyia leucostigma: Bessa selecta (Meigen), Carcelia amplexa (Coquillet), Carcelia perplexa Sellers, Carcelia yalensis Sellers, Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Drino inconspicua (Meigen)*, Euphorocera claripennis (Macquart), Euphorocera edwardsii (Williston), Exorista lobelia Coquillet (currently Nilea lobelia [Coquillet]), Exorista mella Walker, Leshenaultia spp., Lespesia aletiae (Riley), Lespesia frenchii (Williston), Patella leucaniae (Coquillet), Phorocera spp., Sisyropa spp., Winthemia datanae (Townsend), and Winthemia quadripustulata (Fabricius). Others, like that of the Black Widow, cause vomiting and diarrhea, paralysis, drunken gait, and muscle tremors. The identifiable feature of the tiger swallowtail is its strange eye-like markings on either side of its head. Figure 13. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Gilmer PM. To identify the queen butterfly caterpillar, look for recognizable black and white stripes in between black bands with two yellow markings. Crystal River, FL 34429 Phone: 352-563-6363 For technical issues, email webadmin@chronicleonline.com. As a result, some immature caterpillars may look completely different from mature caterpillars before entering the pupal stage. These projections have poisonous spines and the sting is a defensive mechanism to prevent predators from eating them. Additionally, they have metallic brown wings. Diaz JH. Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) caterpillar (dorsal view). Most common in Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states (Ferguson 1978, Orgyia definita entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). One of the most venomous caterpillars in the U.S., the puss. Orgyia detrita: Coastal Plain from Long Island to Florida and Gulf States west to Texas (Ferguson 1978, Wagner 2005, Orgyia detrita entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). The gulf fritillary caterpillar is an orange caterpillar with spiny spikes around each segment. Do venomous caterpillars sting? Spiny oak-slug caterpillars have a range of colors but can generally be identified by their oval, stout bodies, and their abundance of spiny protrusions. Fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) caterpillar (light form). Common hosts in other parts of its range include oak, maple, hackberry, birch, and willow (Wagner 2005). The menacing stinging horns at either end of the caterpillar stand at 45. Description [ edit] M. opercularis caterpillar on Kent Island, Maryland You can find the furry puss caterpillars in most southern states, including Florida. The white admiral caterpillar is a Florida caterpillar that looks like bird poop. The spiny oak slug caterpillar is a colorful larva with jagged spikes around its body and four pairs of upward-pointing spiked orange horns. The 14 poisonous caterpillars that we are going to discuss are: Puss Caterpillar Saddleback Caterpillar Pipevine Swallowtail Caterpillar Io Moth Caterpillar Bag Shelter Caterpillar Monarch Caterpillars Hag Moth Caterpillar Hickory Tussock Caterpillar Pine Processionary Caterpillar Cinnabar Moth Caterpillar Stinging Rose Caterpillar Lonomia Obliqua The recognizable feature of an azalea caterpillar is its round orange head and tail section. Male fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita). The wings of female pupae reach only slightly beyond the anterior margin of the fourth abdominal segment while those of male pupae extend nearly to the posterior margin of the segment (Mosher 1916). According to the Virginia Department of Forestry health team, these . Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The giant leopard caterpillar has a fuzzy appearance, and its spiked body can be painful if the spines jag your skin. Unfortunately, because of their green coloring, tomato hornworms can be difficult to spot under tomato leaves. An Io moth caterpillar has an identifiable green body, tufts of urticating spines, and a colorful red and white stripe running the length of its body just above its legs. For photographs of pinned and spread specimens of males of the Lymantriinae, see Ferguson (1978). Volume 17 of Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Detrita also lacks the whitish tornal spot of leucostigma and definita (Ferguson 1978). Monkey slug caterpillars have stinging hairs that can cause a painful sting if you handle it. A breed of hairy caterpillars considered the most poisonous in the US have recently been spotted in Virginia. They're normally about an inch long and are often found near oak and . Spines have a toxin gland at the base that is released when spines break off into the skin. The buck moth caterpillar also has a rounded shiny black head. Arnaud (1978, pp. Figure 10. Look for jaggy horn-like upward-pointing spikes along its back and small clumps of spines along its sides. You will also notice a red and white stripe along each side. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. The caterpillars have an insatiable appetite and can quickly defoliate tomato plants. Lepidoptera of Florida. These caterpillars have stinging hairs in a row along each side as well as some on their front and back ends. These make the zebra longwing poisonous and foul-tasting to predators. Definita is also lighter in body color than the other two species (Foltz 2004). 2003. north of Mexico (OHara 2012). Giant silkworm moth larvae and flannel moth caterpillars are specifically noted for their ability to cause a painful sting. He has suggested that levels of parasitism of pupae often approach 50 per cent (Foltz 2004, 2006). Female fir tussock moth (Orgyia detrita) applying secretion to her egg mass. Pipevine swallowtail caterpillars grow 2 (5 cm) long. Young children from Florida to North Carolina are reporting excruciating pain after coming into contact with the most venomous caterpillar in the U.S., the furry puss caterpillar ( Megalopyge . In Florida, youll often find the white admiral caterpillar feeding on willow, aspen, cherry, and birch trees. In Florida, you can see these striped caterpillars on fruit trees, cottonwood, walnut, and willow trees. 8 Black And Orange Caterpillars That Are Poisonous. The large buck moth caterpillar is among the largest stinging caterpillars in Florida. Stinging Rose Caterpillar (Parasa indetermina). The itch and welt could last up to a day, but it varies between individuals. Enantiomers of (Z,Z)-6,9-heneicosadien-11-ol: Sex pheromone components of. The black caterpillar has recognizable red bands visible in between sharp spines. Symptoms vary in severity to include burning or stinging, itching, redness, and inflammation. Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria). It is yellow-brown to purplish-black with many small white spots and a reddish head. Black swallowtail caterpillars are large green larvae with black and yellow stripes around their segments. Identify a white-marked tussock caterpillar by a black body with black and white hairy spines, yellow bands along its back, and a bright cluster of red hairs at its head. Ferguson DC. Polka-Dot Wasp Moth caterpillars (Syntomeida epilais) abound in Florida. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. In some years the larvae are very numerous and become a problem when they leave their host plants to search for suitable sites to spin their cocoons. Orgyia leucostigma: Entire eastern U.S. and west to Minnesota and Texas (Ferguson 1978, Orgyia leucostigma entry at North American Moth Photographers Group web site). After mating, the females lay a mass of eggs directly on the cocoon and cover them with a protective covering. When touched, the poisonous spines break off in the skin and cause severe pain. Figure 25. The cloudless sulphur caterpillar grows 1.6 to 1.8 (4 4.5 cm) in length.

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