ago. Most native speakers agree on MI. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. Slovenian language might be closer to the Macedonian/Bulgarian than to the Serbian language. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . Cheers brothers and sisters! Intelligibility is more than 90% = dialect, less than 90% = language. Speaking of myself, after calculating everything, I can understand to specific degree Slovene, somewhat Slovak/Russian, Serbo-Croatian std without problems and also Macedonians. Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. Jembrigh, Mario. Macedonian syntax and lexics are more similar to Serbian, even though structures of the language such as articles (no declensions) function as in Bulgarian. Russian has 85% intelligibility of Rusyn, 74% of oral Belorussian and 85% of written Belorussian, 60% of Balachka, 50% of oral Ukrainian and 85% of written Ukrainian, 36% of oral Bulgarian and 80% of written Bulgarian, 38% of Polish, 30% of Slovak and oral Montenegrin and 50% of written Montenegrin, 12% of oral Serbo-Croatian, 25% of written Serbo-Croatian, and 10% of Czech. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian. (. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. No idea, but if they are fairly intelligent as she sounds like she is, you might be shocked at how she might be able to rattle off some estimated figures like that. 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What percentage of Ukraine speaks Polish? 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. 1996 . Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. That is ~90% our language. Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. For me personally, Serbian is very interesting, because it sounds like Macedonian, but a bit different because of the declensions. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. Frequency of exposure is one of the main causes of this. Thanks for the information about Eastern Slovak I will incorporate it. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. For me, Serbian and Macedonian are as different as Serbian and Slovene, they sounds somehow the same, but I dont understand them correctly. In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. Your email address will not be published. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. Czech: 10% Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. However, another view is that Lach is indeed Lechitic, albeit with strong Czech influence. BULGARIAN: Balgarskijat ezik e naj-rannijat pismeno dokumentiran slavjanski ezik. BR, The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. I've ne. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Complaints have been made that many of these percentages were simply wild guesses with no science behind them. The diffete. Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. These are 33 brand new symbols that you'd have . The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. My gues. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. The Macedonian spoken near the Serbian border is heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian and is quite a bit different from the Macedonian spoken towards the center of Macedonia. And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Re: Cz/Slo On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. Im pretty sure things are identical in Belarus, if not worse afaik knowledge of Belarusian there is not too widespread in the first place. They understand almost nothing. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Also akavian has some elements of its own. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! Kajkavian was removed from public use after 1900, hence writing in the standard Kajkavian literary language was curtailed. There is a big problem with this. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. And Shtokavian is dialect of Serbian language. Funny thing when Slovene tourists come to Dalmatian islands they start to speak awkward Serbo Croatian they learned long ago in yugo schools because they fear of not being understood. Its a nasty drug, and I hear its addicting. This is simply reality in Serbia today. Its also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. I will tell you also this: theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. You can pick up the gist of thats being said in any sentence. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. Routledge. Youre welcome Robert, for a non-slavic speaker, you have a pretty good grasp of these linguistic niceties. I have had people give me personal estimates like 40%, 85%, 60-65%, 70%,10-15%, less than 1%, etc. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. It depends which dialect. Page 183 section 481. I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . This phenomenon is called asymmetrical mutual intelligibility. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. Ja u da radim is a form more related to Macedonian and south eastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. 4. In the army, fairly precise understanding of the meaning of the commands is required and it worked, without any formal language training. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. It may have been split from Polish for up to 800 years, where it underwent heavy German influence. As for mutual intelligibility, learned exposure aside, Ive never had much of a fun time in any area of western or northern Serbia that wasnt Belgrade; my lack of a pitch accent system (where Serbian has four accents, Ni has independent accent and length that seldom coincide with the norm); I cannot for the life of me make sense of umadija or Vojvodina Serbian (these are considered the normative core of Serbian) without resorting to asking the other party to slow down and having myself talk slower. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. Rural variations are usually less mutually intelligible. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. In terms Pretty accurate I think. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Slobozhan Russian is very close to Ukrainian, closer to Ukrainian than it is to Russian, and Slobozhan Ukrainian is very close to Russian, closer to Russian than to Ukrainian. He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. However, you do say later in the text that That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. I am not saying this to slam Ukrainians, but just an observation. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family 1. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. When I was first exposed to spoken BCS, the most significant issue was their prosody, because the vocabulary and the grammar presented very little difficulty for me as a Ukrainian/Russian bilingual. Learning a language becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. 5. Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. The Lemko dialect of Rusyn has only marginal intelligibility with Ukrainian. The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. And the 25% is very low. @AJ Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Briefly put, mutual intelligibility is when speakers of one language can understand a related language to some degree. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. Re: Rus/Ukr Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. His level of understanding might be 90%, or 82%, 85%. From his own words it is possible to conclude that mutual inteligibility between czech and slovak is very high, and Ive heard from young czechs that they still can understand slovak with no effort. Im Czech . It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at workI guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, toooh, come to think of it, isnt George Bush Junior a lizard, too! It is more like the other slavic languages (v instead of u, z instead of s, itd, less vowels, and no distinction between and ). The revelation comes from General Musharrafs memoir, In the Line of Fire, which begins serialisation in The Times today and will further embarrass the White House at a time when relations between the US and Pakistan are already strained.. Pakistani intelligence chiefs are concerned that General Musharraf may jeopardise their relationship with British intelligence agencies after claiming that a convicted terrorist was once an MI6 informer. The grammars of sign languages do not usually resemble those of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English. For majority of the Shtokavian speakers thats just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). slavic mutual newspaper 5 (2): 135146. Personal communication. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 All Rights Reserved. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. Its vocabulary and grammar has enough similarities for Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians to understand each other well, whereas Russians understand only will recognise separate words. Kajkavian differs from the other Slavic lects spoken in Croatia in that is has many Hungarian and German loans (Jembrigh 2014). Russian is followed by Polish with over 40 million speakers, Ukrainian with 33 million and Czech with 13 million. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. This is also true of vocabulary and other aspects. The Polish and Ukrainian languages come from the same Slavic roots, but are not so close that they are mutually intelligible. Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written There is a group of Bulgarians living in Serbia in the areas of Bosilegrad and Dimitrovgrad who speak a Bulgarian-Serbian transitional dialect, and Serbs are able to understand these Bulgarians well. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. To deal with the conflict in cases such as Arabic, Chinese and German, the term Dachsprache (a sociolinguistic "umbrella language") is sometimes seen: Chinese and German are languages in the sociolinguistic sense even though speakers of some varieties cannot understand each other without recourse to a standard or prestige form. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. let me guess, British bankers/Zionists/Rosthchild family/British oil companies/British special forces/Mossad was behind it? In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. I work with Russians (dro. Yes of course. wovel a shifts to o not shits hahhaha sorry. Also after studying Ethnologue for a very long time, I noticed that they tended to use 90% as a cutoff for language versus dialect most but not all of the time. This understanding can be in spoken or written communication. General. My gues. I also worked in a resteraunt with lots of west and south slavs there and I have to say that Serbian and crotian has a lot of ilarities with Slovak. 3. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. Here are three critical ways in which Bulgarian and Russian speakers differ. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Ive almost never heard it in Lviv, except by visiting villagers or old people. The reason there are subtitles on Russian-language shows in Ukraine is because of Ukraines puristic state language policies. Score: 4.1/5 (74 votes) . Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). 6. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. 2. Ive not read em myself. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro.

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